Some of the useful links to information concerning the world's fusion program are listed below. This list is not complete. Please send email to Mike Mauel with additions and suggestions.

Some general fusion sites:

• National Fusion Energy Science Web Site.
• The General Atomics fusion Web Site especially the Science and Technology Site.
• The European Controlled Fusion Web Site.
• ICF Links including a helpful Inertial Fusion Energy: A Tutorial on the Technology and Economics page.

Top level DOE sites:

• Office of Energy Research.
• Office of Fusion Energy Sciences.
• Office of Inertial Fusion and the National Ignition Facility Project.

Documents and information from the Secretary of Energy Advisory Board:

• SEAB's DRAFT copy of Realizing the Promise of Fusion from the Task Force on Fusion Energy, July 1, 1999.

Recent documents and information from the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee:

• DOE/OFES's Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) web page.
• DOE/OFES's site for fusion documents.
• Opportunities in the Fusion Energy Sciences Program, FESAC, (June, 1999).
• Appendix C of Opportunities in the Fusion Energy Sciences Program, FESAC, (June, 1999).
• Report from the Grunder Panel on U. S. Participation in ITER and the Extended-EDA Interim Period, FESAC, (January, 1998), also the complete Interim Report sent to Dr. M. Krebs, October, 1997.
• Draft Report of the Panel on Criteria, Goals and Metrics, FESAC, (June, 1999). Comments should be sent to the link referenced at the VLT FESAC website.

Various historical documents pertaining to fusion and the fusion energy program:

• Plasma Science From Fundamental Research to Technological Applications, National Research Council, 1994.
• Panel on the U.S. Fusion Energy R and D Program, PCAST, 1995.
• A Restructured Fusion Energy Sciences Program, Fusion Energy Advisory Committee, January 27, 1996.
• Alternate Concepts, A Report to the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, July, 1996.
• Report of the FESAC/IFE Review Panel, FESAC, July, 1996.
• Executive Summary from the 1997 PCAST Report: Federal Energy Research and Development for the Challenges of the Twenty-First Century.

The 1999 Fusion Summer Study was initiated by a request from the APS-DPP during the preparation of the Forum for Major Next-Step Fusion Experiments held in Madison, WI on April 27 - May 1, 1998. The 1999 Fusion Summer Study is an endorsed meeting of the American Physical Society.

The Forum for Major Next-Step Fusion Experiments was chaired by G. Navratil, J. Drake, and B. Nevins, and it was organized in part due to the recommendation of the Grunder Panel of FESAC "to undertake design efforts on lower cost fusion-energy producing plasma concepts. ... In preparation for this international activity, it is essential that the United States initiate a domestic study with broad fusion community involvement to explore the many options."

At the closing session of the Madison Next-Step Forum, Mike Mauel announced Fusion's first Snowmass meeting.

At the request of DOE/OFES, C. Baker lead a community effort to prepare a written report summarizing the major next-step options for fusion. Informal groups prepared drafts of sections of this report describing possible alternatives for consideration within the ITER framework. Links have been established to these strategies.

Information pertaining to the Madison Next-Step Forum and the NSO activites can be found below:

• Summary of the Forum for Major Next-Step Fusion Experiments presented to FESAC on May 26, 1998 by G. Navratil.
• Information on the Next Step Options Forum (NSO) can be seen at Next Step Options Forum Website , and Report released on July 17, 1998.

Further information about on-going Next-Step Design efforts can be found through the Virtual Laboratory for Technology and the links referenced below.

The ITER Physics Basis is contained in several chapters:

• Chap. 1: Overview and Summary.
• Chap. 2: Confinement.
• Chap. 3: MHD.
• Chap. 5: Energetic Particles.
• Chap. 6: Heating and Current Drive.
• Chap. 7: Plasma Measurements.
• Chap. 8: Operations and Comtrol.
• Chap. 9: Opportunities for Experimental Physics.

The ITER Physics Data Base is located at several sites:

• The DIII-D/ITER Physics Data Base.

The US fusion community review of the ITER Detailed Design Report lead by FESAC:

• Review of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Detailed Design Report, Panel Report To Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, April 18, 1997.
• The extensive appendicies to the (ITER) Detailed Design Report, Panel Report To Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee, April 18, 1997. This includes all the parts to the technical Appendix D (found on pages 24 to 155) of the PDF file.

Some of the larger experimental fusion research facilities:

• JET at the Culham, UK.
• JT-60U at the JAERI Naka Fusion Research Establishment, Japan.
• DIII-D at the General Atomics, San Diego.
• Alcator C-Mod at the MIT, Cambridge.
• ASDEX-Upgrade at the Max-Planck-Institut fŸr Plasmaphysik, Garching.
• Frascati Tokamak Upgrade at the ENA Research Center, Frascati.
• Large Helical Device (LHD) at NIFS, Japan.
• WENDELSTEIN 7-AS at the Max-Planck-Institut fŸr Plasmaphysik, Garching.
• National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) at PPPL.
• Omega at the Laboratory for Laser Energtics, University of Rochester.
• Institute of Laser Engineering at Osaka University.

Presently, there exist some options for major next-step fusion experiments based on the toroidal magnetic confinement approach:

• Burning Plasma Experiments
  • ITER.
  • RTO/RC - ITER, Reduced Technical Objective/Reduced Cost ITER.
  • FIRE.
  • Ignitor.
• Steady State Experiments
  • WENDELSTEIN 7-X at the Greifswald Branch Institute of the German IPP.
  • KSTAR, Korea.
  • HT-7U, China.

Some of the major next-steps in inertial fusion research include:

• NIF at the LLNL.

Presently, there are three proof-of-principle program proposals under consideration by the DOE and FESAC. These proposals and reviewer comments can be found at:

• Innovative Concepts Proof of Principle Proposals , June 8-12, 1998.

Other new experiments of this scale include:

• Mega-Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) , Culham, UKAEA.
• Tokamak ˆ Configuration Variable (TCV) ,CRPP, Lausanne.
• TJII: Flexible Heliac , Spain.

Some of the white papers prepared by advocates can be found at:

• Advanced tokamak .
• U.S. Stellarator Program .
• Next-Step DT, Fusion Development Experiment based on the Spherical Torus.
• White Papers from various Innovative Confinement Concepts are located at the ICC'98 WebPage.
• White Papers from the U.S. Spherical Torus Fusion Energy Science Research Communinty in PDF format.
• White Paper from the Scientific Simulation Initiative for Fusion Energy Science.

Some web-refererenced power plant studies can be found at:

• ARIES-RS (U.S.)
• SSTR (Japan)

We have located some web-based references to possible fusion power applications other than commercial electricity:

• Advanced Space Propulsion .
• Space Transportation Research To initiate research into technologies for enabling dramatic improvement in space transportation.

Recently, many scientific journals can be accessed electronically:

• Physics of Plasmas , from January, 1997.
• Nuclear Fusion , from January, 1998.
• Reviews of Modern Physics , from January, 1997.
• Physical Review Letters , from January, 1995.
• Physical Review E , from January, 1997.

Questions, comments, or additional information should also be sent to John DeLooper at jdeloope@pppl.gov